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Getting Started to SmallRye Reactive Messaging with RabbitMQ

前提条件
アーキテクチャ
ソリューション
Creating the Maven Project
The Quote object
Sending quote request
Processing quote requests
Receiving quotes
The HTML page
実行
Running in JVM or Native mode
さらに詳しく

このガイドでは、QuarkusアプリケーションがSmallRye Reactive Messagingを利用してRabbitMQと対話する方法を説明します。

この技術は、previewと考えられています。

preview では、下位互換性やエコシステムでの存在は保証されていません。具体的な改善には設定や API の変更が必要になるかもしれませんが、 stable になるための計画は現在進行中です。フィードバックはメーリングリストや GitHub の課題管理で受け付けています。

For a full list of possible statuses, check our FAQ entry.

前提条件

このガイドを完成させるには、以下が必要です:

約15分
IDE
JDK 11+ がインストールされ、 JAVA_HOME が適切に設定されていること
Apache Maven 3.8.1+
Docker and Docker Compose or Podman, and Docker Compose
使用したい場合、 Quarkus CLI
ネイティブ実行可能ファイルをビルドしたい場合、MandrelまたはGraalVM（あるいはネイティブなコンテナビルドを使用する場合はDocker）をインストールし、適切に設定していること

アーキテクチャ

In this guide, we are going to develop two applications communicating with a RabbitMQ broker. The first application sends a quote request to the RabbitMQ quote requests exchange and consumes messages from the quote queue. The second application receives the quote request and sends a quote back.

The first application, the producer, will let the user request some quotes over an HTTP endpoint. For each quote request, a random identifier is generated and returned to the user, to put the quote request on pending. At the same time the generated request id is sent to the quote-requests exchange.

The second application, the processor, in turn, will read from the quote-requests queue put a random price to the quote, and send it to an exchange named quotes.

Lastly, the producer will read the quotes and send them to the browser using server-sent events. The user will therefore see the quote price updated from pending to the received price in real-time.

ソリューション

We recommend that you follow the instructions in the next sections and create applications step by step. However, you can go right to the completed example.

Gitレポジトリをクローンするか git clone https://github.com/quarkusio/quarkus-quickstarts.git 、アーカイブをダウンロードします。

The solution is located in the rabbitmq-quickstart directory.

Creating the Maven Project

First, we need to create two projects: the producer and the processor.

To create the producer project, in a terminal run:

CLI

quarkus create app org.acme:rabbitmq-quickstart-producer \
    --extension=smallrye-reactive-messaging-rabbitmq,resteasy-reactive-jackson \
    --no-code

Gradleプロジェクトを作成するには、 --gradle または --gradle-kotlin-dsl オプションを追加します。

Quarkus CLIのインストール方法については、Quarkus CLIガイドをご参照ください。

Maven

mvn io.quarkus.platform:quarkus-maven-plugin:2.11.1.Final:create \
    -DprojectGroupId=org.acme \
    -DprojectArtifactId=rabbitmq-quickstart-producer \
    -Dextensions="smallrye-reactive-messaging-rabbitmq,resteasy-reactive-jackson" \
    -DnoCode

Gradleプロジェクトを作成するには、 -DbuildTool=gradle または -DbuildTool=gradle-kotlin-dsl オプションを追加します。

This command creates the project structure and select the two Quarkus extensions we will be using:

The Reactive Messaging RabbitMQ connector
RESTEasy Reactive and it’s Jackson support to handle JSON payloads

To create the processor project, from the same directory, run:

CLI

quarkus create app org.acme:rabbitmq-quickstart-processor \
    --extension=smallrye-reactive-messaging-rabbitmq \
    --no-code

Gradleプロジェクトを作成するには、 --gradle または --gradle-kotlin-dsl オプションを追加します。

Quarkus CLIのインストール方法については、Quarkus CLIガイドをご参照ください。

Maven

mvn io.quarkus.platform:quarkus-maven-plugin:2.11.1.Final:create \
    -DprojectGroupId=org.acme \
    -DprojectArtifactId=rabbitmq-quickstart-processor \
    -Dextensions="smallrye-reactive-messaging-rabbitmq" \
    -DnoCode

Gradleプロジェクトを作成するには、 -DbuildTool=gradle または -DbuildTool=gradle-kotlin-dsl オプションを追加します。

At that point you should have the following structure:

.
├── rabbitmq-quickstart-processor
│  ├── README.md
│  ├── mvnw
│  ├── mvnw.cmd
│  ├── pom.xml
│  └── src
│     └── main
│        ├── docker
│        ├── java
│        └── resources
│           └── application.properties
└── rabbitmq-quickstart-producer
   ├── README.md
   ├── mvnw
   ├── mvnw.cmd
   ├── pom.xml
   └── src
      └── main
         ├── docker
         ├── java
         └── resources
            └── application.properties

Open the two projects in your favorite IDE.

The Quote object

The Quote class will be used in both producer and processor projects. For the sake of simplicity we will duplicate the class. In both projects, create the src/main/java/org/acme/rabbitmq/model/Quote.java file, with the following content:

package org.acme.rabbitmq.model;

import io.quarkus.runtime.annotations.RegisterForReflection;

@RegisterForReflection
public class Quote {

    public String id;
    public int price;

    /**
    * Default constructor required for Jackson serializer
    */
    public Quote() { }

    public Quote(String id, int price) {
        this.id = id;
        this.price = price;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Quote{" +
                "id='" + id + '\'' +
                ", price=" + price +
                '}';
    }
}

JSON representation of Quote objects will be used in messages sent to the RabbitMQ queues and also in the server-sent events sent to browser clients.

Quarkus has built-in capabilities to deal with JSON RabbitMQ messages.

@RegisterForReflection

The @RegisterForReflection annotation instructs Quarkus to include the class (including fields and methods) when building the native executable. This will be useful later when we run the applications as native executables inside containers. Without, the native compilation would remove the fields and methods during the dead-code elimination phase.

Sending quote request

Inside the producer project locate the generated src/main/java/org/acme/rabbitmq/producer/QuotesResource.java file, and update the content to be:

package org.acme.rabbitmq.producer;

import java.util.UUID;

import javax.ws.rs.GET;
import javax.ws.rs.POST;
import javax.ws.rs.Path;
import javax.ws.rs.Produces;
import javax.ws.rs.core.MediaType;

import org.acme.rabbitmq.model.Quote;
import org.eclipse.microprofile.reactive.messaging.Channel;
import org.eclipse.microprofile.reactive.messaging.Emitter;

import io.smallrye.mutiny.Multi;

@Path("/quotes")
public class QuotesResource {

    @Channel("quote-requests") Emitter<String> quoteRequestEmitter; (1)

    /**
     * Endpoint to generate a new quote request id and send it to "quote-requests" channel (which
     * maps to the "quote-requests" RabbitMQ exchange) using the emitter.
     */
    @POST
    @Path("/request")
    @Produces(MediaType.TEXT_PLAIN)
    public String createRequest() {
        UUID uuid = UUID.randomUUID();
        quoteRequestEmitter.send(uuid.toString()); (2)
        return uuid.toString();
    }
}

1	Inject a Reactive Messaging `Emitter` to send messages to the `quote-requests` channel.
2	On a post request, generate a random UUID and send it to the RabbitMQ queue using the emitter.

This channel is mapped to a RabbitMQ exchange using the configuration we will add to the application.properties file. Open the src/main/resource/application.properties file and add:

# Configure the outgoing RabbitMQ exchange `quote-requests`
mp.messaging.outgoing.quote-requests.connector=smallrye-rabbitmq
mp.messaging.outgoing.quote-requests.exchange.name=quote-requests

All we need to specify is the smallrye-rabbitmq connector. By default, reactive messaging maps the channel name quote-requests to the same RabbitMQ exchange name.

Processing quote requests

Now let’s consume the quote request and give out a price. Inside the processor project, locate the src/main/java/org/acme/rabbitmq/processor/QuoteProcessor.java file and add the following:

package org.acme.rabbitmq.processor;

import java.util.Random;

import javax.enterprise.context.ApplicationScoped;

import org.acme.rabbitmq.model.Quote;
import org.eclipse.microprofile.reactive.messaging.Incoming;
import org.eclipse.microprofile.reactive.messaging.Outgoing;

import io.smallrye.reactive.messaging.annotations.Blocking;

/**
 * A bean consuming data from the "quote-requests" RabbitMQ queue and giving out a random quote.
 * The result is pushed to the "quotes" RabbitMQ exchange.
 */
@ApplicationScoped
public class QuoteProcessor {

    private Random random = new Random();

    @Incoming("requests")       (1)
    @Outgoing("quotes")         (2)
    @Blocking                   (3)
    public Quote process(String quoteRequest) throws InterruptedException {
        // simulate some hard-working task
        Thread.sleep(1000);
        return new Quote(quoteRequest, random.nextInt(100));
    }
}

1	Indicates that the method consumes the items from the `requests` channel
2	Indicates that the objects returned by the method are sent to the `quotes` channel
3	Indicates that the processing is blocking and cannot be run on the caller thread.

The process method is called for every RabbitMQ message from the quote-requests queue, and will send a Quote object to the quotes exchange.

As with the previous example we need to configure the connectors in the application.properties file. Open the src/main/resources/application.properties file and add:

# Configure the incoming RabbitMQ queue `quote-requests`
mp.messaging.incoming.requests.connector=smallrye-rabbitmq
mp.messaging.incoming.requests.queue.name=quote-requests
mp.messaging.incoming.requests.exchange.name=quote-requests

# Configure the outgoing RabbitMQ exchange `quotes`
mp.messaging.outgoing.quotes.connector=smallrye-rabbitmq
mp.messaging.outgoing.quotes.exchange.name=quotes

Note that in this case we have one incoming and one outgoing connector configuration, each one distinctly named. The configuration keys are structured as follows:

mp.messaging.[outgoing|incoming].{channel-name}.property=value

channel-name セグメントは、 @Incoming および @Outgoing アノテーションで設定された値と一致する必要があります。

quote-requests → RabbitMQ queue from which we read the quote requests
quotes → RabbitMQ exchange in which we write the quotes

Receiving quotes

Back to our producer project. Let’s modify the QuotesResource to consume quotes, bind it to an HTTP endpoint to send events to clients:

import io.smallrye.mutiny.Multi;
//...

@Channel("quotes") Multi<Quote> quotes;     (1)

/**
 * Endpoint retrieving the "quotes" queue and sending the items to a server sent event.
 */
@GET
@Produces(MediaType.SERVER_SENT_EVENTS) (2)
public Multi<Quote> stream() {
    return quotes; (3)
}

1	Injects the `quotes` channel using the `@Channel` qualifier
2	`Server Sent Events` を使用してコンテンツが送信されたことを示します。
3	ストリーム (Reactive Stream) を返します。

Again we need to configure the incoming quotes channel inside producer project. Add the following inside application.properties file:

# Configure the outgoing `quote-requests` queue
mp.messaging.outgoing.quote-requests.connector=smallrye-rabbitmq

# Configure the incoming `quotes` queue
mp.messaging.incoming.quotes.connector=smallrye-rabbitmq

The HTML page

最後に、SSE を使って変換された価格を読み込む HTML ページです。

Create inside the producer project src/main/resources/META-INF/resources/quotes.html file, with the following content:

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Quotes</title>

    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"
          href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/patternfly/3.24.0/css/patternfly.min.css">
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"
          href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/patternfly/3.24.0/css/patternfly-additions.min.css">
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
    <div class="card">
        <div class="card-body">
            <h2 class="card-title">Quotes</h2>
            <button class="btn btn-info" id="request-quote">Request Quote</button>
            <div class="quotes"></div>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>
</body>
<script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.6.0.min.js"></script>
<script>
    $("#request-quote").click((event) => {
        fetch("/quotes/request", {method: "POST"})
        .then(res => res.text())
        .then(qid => {
            var row = $(`<h4 class='col-md-12' id='${qid}'>Quote # <i>${qid}</i> | <strong>Pending</strong></h4>`);
            $(".quotes").append(row);
        });
    });
    var source = new EventSource("/quotes");
    source.onmessage = (event) => {
      var json = JSON.parse(event.data);
      $(`#${json.id}`).html(function(index, html) {
        return html.replace("Pending", `\$\xA0${json.price}`);
      });
    };
</script>
</html>

Nothing spectacular here. On each received quote, it updates the page.

実行

You just need to run both applications using:

> mvn -f rabbitmq-quickstart-producer quarkus:dev

And, in a separate terminal:

> mvn -f rabbitmq-quickstart-processor quarkus:dev

Quarkus starts a RabbitMQ broker automatically, configures the application and shares the broker instance between different applications. See Dev Services for RabbitMQ for more details.

Open http://localhost:8080/quotes.html in your browser and request some quotes by clicking the button.

Running in JVM or Native mode

When not running in dev or test mode, you will need to start your RabbitMQ broker. You can follow the instructions from the RabbitMQ Docker website or create a docker-compose.yaml file with the following content:

version: '2'

services:

  rabbit:
    image: rabbitmq:3.9-management
    ports:
      - "5672:5672"
    networks:
      - rabbitmq-quickstart-network

  producer:
    image: quarkus-quickstarts/rabbitmq-quickstart-producer:1.0-${QUARKUS_MODE:-jvm}
    build:
      context: rabbitmq-quickstart-producer
      dockerfile: src/main/docker/Dockerfile.${QUARKUS_MODE:-jvm}
    environment:
      RABBITMQ_HOST: rabbit
      RABBITMQ_PORT: 5672
    ports:
      - "8080:8080"
    networks:
      - rabbitmq-quickstart-network

  processor:
    image: quarkus-quickstarts/rabbitmq-quickstart-processor:1.0-${QUARKUS_MODE:-jvm}
    build:
      context: rabbitmq-quickstart-processor
      dockerfile: src/main/docker/Dockerfile.${QUARKUS_MODE:-jvm}
    environment:
      RABBITMQ_HOST: rabbit
      RABBITMQ_PORT: 5672
    networks:
      - rabbitmq-quickstart-network

networks:
  rabbitmq-quickstart-network:
    name: rabbitmq-quickstart

Note how the RabbitMQ broker location is configured. The rabbitmq-host and rabbitmq-port (AMQP_HOST and AMQP_PORT environment variables) properties configure location.

First, make sure you stopped the applications, and build both applications in JVM mode with:

> mvn -f rabbitmq-quickstart-producer clean package
> mvn -f rabbitmq-quickstart-processor clean package

Once packaged, run docker compose up --build. The UI is exposed on http://localhost:8080/quotes.html

To run your applications as native, first we need to build the native executables:

> mvn -f rabbitmq-quickstart-producer package -Pnative  -Dquarkus.native.container-build=true
> mvn -f rabbitmq-quickstart-processor package -Pnative -Dquarkus.native.container-build=true

The -Dquarkus.native.container-build=true instructs Quarkus to build Linux 64bits native executables, who can run inside containers. Then, run the system using:

> export QUARKUS_MODE=native
> docker compose up --build

As before, the UI is exposed on http://localhost:8080/quotes.html

さらに詳しく

This guide has shown how you can interact with RabbitMQ using Quarkus. It utilizes SmallRye Reactive Messaging to build data streaming applications.

If you did the Kafka, you have realized that it’s the same code. The only difference is the connector configuration and the JSON mapping.